ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka soda caustic e pili ana i nā kahua he nui.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka soda caustic i ka soda flake, ka soda granular a me ka soda paʻa e like me kona ʻano. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka soda caustic e pili ana i nā kahua he nui, ʻo ia ka ʻōlelo kikoʻī no ʻoe:

1. ʻAila hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

Ma hope o ka holoi ʻana me ka sulfuric acid, loaʻa i nā huahana petroleum kekahi mau mea waikawa, pono e holoi ʻia me ka solution sodium hydroxide a laila holoi ʻia me ka wai e loaʻa ai nā huahana i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia.

2. paʻi a hoʻoluʻu

Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea pena indigo a me nā quinone. I ke kaʻina hoʻoluʻu ʻana o nā wai vat, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka solution caustic soda a me ka sodium hydrosulfite e hoʻemi iā lākou i ka waika leuco, a laila hoʻokahe ʻia i ka mokuʻāina insoluble me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ma hope o ke kala ʻana.

Ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka lole pulupulu me ka solution soda caustic, hiki ke wehe ʻia ka wax, ka momona, ka starch a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i uhi ʻia ma ka lole pulupulu, a i ka manawa like, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka luster mercerized o ka lole i mea e hoʻonui ai i ke kala. .

3. pulu lole lole

1)

Hana ʻia ka pulupulu a me ka lole olonā me ka sodium hydroxide concentrated (caustic soda) e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai fiber. ʻO nā fiber i hana ʻia e ke kanaka e like me ka rayon, rayon, rayon, etc., ʻo ia ka hapa nui o nā fiber viscose. Hana ʻia lākou me ka cellulose (e like me ka pulp), sodium hydroxide, a me carbon disulfide (CS2) ma ke ʻano he kumu waiwai e hana ai i ka wai viscose, i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, i hana ʻia e ka condensation.

2). Viscose fiber

ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻohana i ka 18-20% caustic soda solution e hoʻokomo i ka cellulose e hana i loko o ka cellulose alkali, a laila maloʻo a wāwahi i ka cellulose alkali, hoʻohui i ka carbon disulfide, a hoʻopau hope i ka sulfonate me ka lye dilute e loaʻa ai ka viscose. Ma hope o ka kānana ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana (ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻōpū o ka ea), hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka wili.

4. Hana pepa

ʻO nā mea maka no ka hana pepa, he lāʻau a mauʻu paha ka nui o ka cellulose ʻole (lignin, gum, etc.) me ka cellulose. Hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium hydroxide no ka delignification, a ke wehe wale ʻia ka lignin o ka lāʻau hiki ke loaʻa nā fibers. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana non-cellulose ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka dilute sodium hydroxide solution, i hiki ke loaʻa ka pulp me cellulose e like me ka mea nui.

5. E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka lepo me ka lime.

I loko o ka lepo, hiki ke hoʻohua ʻia nā ʻakika ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā waikawa organik i ka pohō ʻana o nā mea organik. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fertilizers inorganic e like me ka ammonium sulfate a me ka ammonium chloride e hoʻolilo i ka lepo acidic. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nui kūpono o ka lime hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea waikawa i loko o ka lepo, e hana i ka lepo i kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a hoʻoikaika i ka hana hou ʻana o nā microorganism. ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana o Ca2 + i ka lepo e hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka coagulation o nā colloids lepo, kahi i kūpono i ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o nā aggregates, a ma ka manawa like hiki ke hāʻawi i ka calcium e pono ai no ka uluʻana o nā mea kanu.

6. ʻOihana kemika a me nā mea hoʻokalakupua.

I ka ʻoihana kemika, hoʻohana ʻia ka soda caustic no ka hana ʻana i ka metala sodium a me ka wai electrolyzing. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Caustic soda a i ʻole soda lehu i ka hana ʻana i nā paʻakai inorganic he nui, ʻoi loa i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kekahi mau paʻakai sodium (e like me ka borax, sodium silicate, sodium phosphate, sodium dichromate, sodium sulfite, etc.). Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka soda caustic a i ʻole ka lehu soda i ka synthesis o nā waiʻala, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea waena.

7. pulu, ili

1). Silika hoʻohuehu

ʻO ka mua: e hana i ke aniani wai (Na2O.mSO2) ma ka hana ʻana i ka sodium hydroxide me ka quartz ore (SiO2)

ʻO ka lua: e hoʻopili i ke aniani wai me ka sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, a me carbon dioxide e hana i ke kalapona ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo (silicon dioxide)

ʻO ka silica i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ia ka mea hoʻoikaika hoʻoikaika maikaʻi loa no ka lāʻau kūlohelohe a me ka lāʻau synthetic

2). Ka hana hou ʻana i ka ʻōpala kahiko

I ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻōpala kahiko, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻia ka pauka lāʻau me ka solution sodium hydroxide, a laila hana ʻia

3). ʻili

ʻO Tannery: kahi kaʻina hana hou o ka wai lehu ʻōpala, ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, ma waena o nā ʻanuʻu ʻelua o ka sodium sulfide aqueous solution soaking treatment a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lime powder soaking treatment i ke kaʻina hana hoʻonui i kēia manawa, hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paona tare e 0.3-0.5 % ʻO ka 30% sodium hydroxide solution treatment step e hoʻonui piha i ka fiber ili, hoʻokō i nā koi o ke kaʻina hana, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana semi-finished.

8. metallurgy, electroplating

I ka ʻoihana metallurgical, pono pinepine ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea hana i loko o ka ʻeleʻele i loko o nā paʻakai sodium soluble i mea e wehe ai i nā mea haumia ʻole. No laila, pono pinepine e hoʻohui i ka lehu soda (he flux nō hoʻi ia), a i kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia ka soda caustic.

9. ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka hana

1). ʻElua mau hana o ka soda caustic ceramic i ka hana ʻana i nā seramika. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻohana ʻia ka soda caustic ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe i ke kaʻina puhi ahi. ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka ʻili o nā seramika i puhi ʻia e ʻoki ʻia a ʻākala loa paha. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe caustic.

2). I ka ʻoihana mea kani, hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka neutralizer acid, decolorizer a me ka deodorizer. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻoihana adhesive e like me ka starch gelatinizer a me ka neutralizer. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka peeling agent, decolorizing agent a me ka deodorizing agent o citrus, peach, etc.