Nūhou ʻOihana
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He aha ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka HDPE?
Hoʻohana ʻia ka HDPE i nā huahana a me nā ʻōpala e like me nā ʻōmole waiū, nā ʻōmole holoi, nā ʻōmole margarine, nā ipu ʻōpala a me nā paipu wai. I loko o nā paipu o ka lōʻihi like ʻole, hoʻohana ʻia ka HDPE ma ke ʻano he pani no nā paipu mortar pepa i hāʻawi ʻia no nā kumu nui ʻelua. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻoi aku ka palekana ma mua o nā paipu pepa i hāʻawi ʻia no ka mea inā hana hewa kahi pūpū a pahū i loko o kahi paipu HDPE, ʻaʻole e haki ka paipu. ʻO ke kumu ʻelua, hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻolālā ke hana i nā ʻūlū mortar pana he nui. Hoʻopale nā mea hana Pyrotechnicians i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā paipu PVC i loko o nā paipu mortar no ka mea e haki pinepine ia, e hoʻouna ana i nā ʻāpana o ka plastic i nā mea nānā, a ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia i nā kukuna X. -
Lilo ke kāleka ʻōmaʻomaʻo PLA i mea hoʻomau kaulana no ka ʻoihana kālā.
Nui loa ka palaki e pono ai e hana i nā kāleka panakō i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a me ka ulu ʻana o nā hopohopo no ke kaiapuni, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Thales, he alakaʻi i ka palekana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, i kahi hopena. No ka laʻana, he kāleka i hana ʻia me 85% polylactic acid (PLA), i loaʻa mai ka kulina; ʻo kekahi ala hou e hoʻohana ai i ka ʻiʻo mai nā hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe kahakai ma o ka hui pū ʻana me ka hui kaiapuni ʻo Parley for the Oceans. ʻO nā ʻōpala palaki i hōʻiliʻili ʻia - "Ocean Plastic®" ma ke ʻano he mea maka hou no ka hana ʻana i nā kāleka; aia kekahi koho no nā kāleka PVC hana hou ʻia i hana ʻia mai ka ʻōpala palaki mai ka ʻoihana hoʻopili a me ka paʻi ʻana e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palaki hou. -
He loiloi pōkole o ka ʻikepili lawe mai a me ka hoʻokuʻu aku o ka resin pvc paste Kina mai Ianuali a Iune.
Mai Ianuali a Iune 2022, ua lawe mai koʻu ʻāina i ka huina o 37,600 tone o ka resin paste, he emi ʻana o 23% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala, a ua lawe aku i ka huina o 46,800 tone o ka resin paste, he piʻi ʻana o 53.16% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala. I ka hapa mua o ka makahiki, koe wale nō nā ʻoihana pākahi i pani ʻia no ka mālama ʻana, ua mau ka ukana hana o ka hale hana resin paste kūloko ma kahi kiʻekiʻe, ua lawa ka lako o nā waiwai, a ua hoʻomau ka emi ʻana o ka mākeke. Ua ʻimi ikaika nā mea hana i nā kauoha hoʻokuʻu aku e hōʻoluʻolu i nā hakakā mākeke kūloko, a ua piʻi nui ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu aku. -
Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke haʻi inā he polypropylene ka plastic?
ʻO kekahi o nā ala maʻalahi loa e hoʻāʻo ai i ka lapalapa ahi, ʻo ia ka ʻoki ʻana i kahi hāpana mai ka palakiko a hoʻā iā ia i loko o kahi pahu uahi. Hiki i ke kala o ka lapalapa, ke ʻala a me nā ʻano o ka puhi ʻana ke hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona o ke ʻano o ka palakiko: 1. Polyethylene (PE) - Nā kulu, ʻala e like me ka ipukukui; 2. Polypropylene (PP) - Nā kulu, ʻala nui o ka ʻaila mīkini lepo a me nā leo lalo o ka ipukukui; 3. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, "Perspex") - Nā pehu, nā ʻūlū, ʻala ʻono; 4. Polyamide a i ʻole "Nylon" (PA) - Lālama sooty, ʻala o nā marigolds; 5. Acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene (ABS) - ʻAʻole moakaka, lapalapa sooty, ʻala o nā marigolds; 6. Polyethylene foam (PE) - Nā kulu, ʻala o ka ipukukui -
Hoʻolauna ʻo Mars M Beans i ka ʻōpala pepa composite PLA biodegradable ma Kina.
I ka makahiki 2022, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Mars i ka kokoleka M&M mua i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka pepa hui palaho ma Kina. Hana ʻia ia me nā mea palaho e like me ka pepa a me ka PLA, e pani ana i ka ʻōpala palaki palupalu kuʻuna i ka wā ma mua. Ua hala ka ʻōpala iā GB/T. Ua hōʻoia ke ʻano hoʻoholo o 19277.1 ma lalo o nā kūlana composting ʻoihana, hiki iā ia ke palaho ma mua o 90% i loko o 6 mau mahina, a e lilo ia i wai ʻawaʻawa ʻole, carbon dioxide a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka palaho ʻana. -
Ke kiʻekiʻe nei nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku o Kina i ka PVC i ka hapa mua o ka makahiki.
Wahi a nā helu helu dute hou loa, i Iune 2022, ʻo ka nui o ka pauka PVC maʻemaʻe i lawe ʻia mai e koʻu ʻāina he 29,900 tons, he piʻi ʻana o 35.47% mai ka mahina i hala a me ka piʻi ʻana o 23.21% i kēlā me kēia makahiki; i Iune 2022, ʻo ka nui o ka pauka PVC maʻemaʻe i lawe ʻia aku e koʻu ʻāina he 223,500 tons, ʻo ka emi ʻana o kēlā me kēia mahina he 16%, a ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o kēlā me kēia makahiki he 72.50%. Ua hoʻomau ka nui o ka lawe ʻana aku i kahi kiʻekiʻe, kahi i hōʻemi ai i ka lako nui ma ka mākeke kūloko i kekahi ʻano. -
He aha ka Polypropylene (PP)?
He thermoplastic paʻakikī, paʻa, a crystalline ka Polypropylene (PP). Hana ʻia ia mai ka monomer propene (a i ʻole propylene). ʻO kēia resin hydrocarbon linear ka polymer māmā loa ma waena o nā plastics waiwai āpau. Hiki mai ka PP ma ke ʻano he homopolymer a i ʻole he copolymer a hiki ke hoʻonui nui ʻia me nā mea hoʻohui. Loaʻa iā ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i loko o ka ʻōpala, kaʻa, nā waiwai mea kūʻai aku, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni hoʻolei, a pēlā aku. Ua lilo ka PP i mea koho, ʻoiai ke ʻimi nei ʻoe i kahi polymer me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, vs Polyamide) i nā noi ʻenekinia a i ʻole ke ʻimi wale nei i ka pono kumukūʻai i nā ʻōmole hoʻoheheʻe puhi (vs. PET). -
He aha ka Polyethylene (PE)?
ʻO Polyethylene (PE), i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he polythene a i ʻole polyethene, ʻo ia kekahi o nā plastics i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua. ʻO ka maʻamau, he ʻano linear ko Polyethylene a ua ʻike ʻia he mau polymers hoʻohui. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o kēia mau polymers synthetic i loko o ka ʻōpala. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo Polyethelyne e hana i nā ʻeke plastic, nā ʻōmole, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni plastic, nā ipu, a me nā geomembranes. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hana ʻia ma mua o 100 miliona tone o ka polyethene i kēlā me kēia makahiki no nā kumu kalepa a me nā ʻoihana. -
Ka nānā ʻana i ka hana o ka mākeke hoʻokuʻu aku PVC o koʻu ʻāina i ka hapa mua o 2022.
I ka hapa mua o 2022, ua piʻi ka mākeke hoʻokuʻu aku i ka PVC i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I ka hapaha mua, i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka hoʻokele waiwai honua a me ke ahulau, ua hōʻike nā ʻoihana hoʻokuʻu aku kūloko he nui ua emi iki ke koi no nā disks waho. Eia nō naʻe, mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ke kūlana ahulau a me kekahi mau hana i hoʻolauna ʻia e ke aupuni Kina e paipai i ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai, ua kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka hana o nā ʻoihana hana PVC kūloko, ua mahana ka mākeke hoʻokuʻu aku PVC, a ua piʻi ka koi no nā disks waho. Hōʻike ka helu i kahi ʻano ulu, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hana holoʻokoʻa o ka mākeke i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka wā ma mua. -
He aha ka PVC i hoʻohana ʻia no?
Hoʻohana ʻia ka polyvinyl chloride (PVC, a i ʻole vinyl) i nā ʻano hana like ʻole i loko o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana, ka mālama ola kino, nā mea uila, nā kaʻa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, i nā huahana mai ka paipu a me ka ʻaoʻao, nā ʻeke koko a me nā paipu, i ka insulation uea a me ke kaula, nā ʻāpana ʻōnaehana makani a me nā mea hou aku. -
Ke kokoke nei e hāʻawi ʻia aku ka papahana hoʻonui ethylene a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe miliona-tona o Hainan Refinery.
Aia ka Hainan Refining and Chemical Ethylene Project a me ka Refining Reconstruction and Expansion Project ma Yangpu Economic Development Zone, me ka huina kālā ma mua o 28 biliona yuan. A hiki i kēia manawa, ua hiki aku ka holomua o ke kūkulu ʻana i 98%. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka papahana a hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hana, manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokele i nā ʻoihana downstream ma mua o 100 biliona yuan. E mālama ʻia ka Olefin Feedstock Diversification a me High-end Downstream Forum ma Sanya ma Iulai 27-28. Ma lalo o ke kūlana hou, e kūkākūkā ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā papahana nui e like me PDH, a me ka ethane cracking, ke ʻano o nā ʻenehana hou e like me ka ʻaila maka pololei i nā olefins, a me ka hanauna hou o ka lanahu/methanol i nā olefins. -
MIT: Hana nā microparticles copolymer polylactic-glycolic acid i ka lāʻau pale "hoʻomaikaʻi ponoʻī".
Ua hōʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema ma ka Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) ma ka puke pai ʻo Science Advances i hala koke aku nei e hoʻomohala ana lākou i kahi lāʻau pale hoʻoikaika ponoʻī hoʻokahi. Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau pale i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā manawa he nui me ka ʻole o ka pono no ka pana hoʻoikaika. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau pale hou e kūʻē i nā maʻi mai ka measles a i Covid-19. Ua hōʻike ʻia ua hana ʻia kēia lāʻau pale hou me nā ʻāpana poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). He hui polymer organic hana hiki ke hoʻohaumia ʻia ka PLGA, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia a he biocompatibility maikaʻi. Ua ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā Implants, sutures, nā mea hoʻoponopono, a pēlā aku.